Garcinia (hydroxycitric acid)
Scientific Name(s): Garcinia cambogia (Gaertn. ) Desr. Family: Clusiaceae (Guttiferae)
Common Name(s): Malabar tamarind, hydroxycitric acid ( HCA )
.jpg "Is Garcinia Cambogia Safe with Other Medications")
Utilizes
The medical literature primarily documents weight loss and lipid-lowering activity for the flower. However , trials supporting its use are limited.
Dosing
The dosages associated with Cambogia extract in clinical trials ranged from 1, 500 in order to 4, 667 mg/day (25 to 78 mg/kg/day). The equivalent hydroxycitric acid (HCA) dose in the trials ranged from 900 to 2, 800 mg/day (15 to 47 mg/kg/day). G. cambogia is available in capsule or tablet form having a maximum dose of 1, 500 mg/day.
Related: Garcinia Cambogia for Weight Loss
Related: Buy Garcinia Cambogia
Related: is Garcinia Cambogia Safe .... ?
Contraindications
Avoid use if there is a recognized allergy or hypersensitivity to any components of G. cambogia.
Pregnancy/Lactation
Information regarding security and efficacy in pregnancy and lactation is lacking.
Interactions
The plant has documented drug interactions.
Adverse Reactions
At least 15 clinical studies involving around 900 patients document very mild adverse reactions. Most adverse reactions included headache, fatigue, dry mouth, and GI complaints such as nausea and diarrhea.
Toxicology
Toxicology studies resulted in no toxicity or deaths in animals at dosages associated with HCA 5, 000 mg/kg, equivalent to 350 g or 233 times the utmost dosage of 1. 5 g/day of HCA. In patients taking certain mixture weight-loss supplements containing G. cambogia, severe or even fatal hepatotoxicity may happen.
Botany
The genus Garcinia is mainly distributed in tropical regions and consists of approximately 200 species. G. cambogia belongs to the family Guttiferae and is found in Indian, Malaysia, and Africa. G. cambogia is commonly found in evergreen or semievergreen jungles of southwest India, where 36 other species have been documented. The plant species has variability in its branching pattern, fruit color, shape, as well as size. The tree is small-to-medium in size with drooping branches. The actual leaves are dark green and glossy, oval-shaped with a narrow end, five to 12 cm in length, and 2 to 7 cm around. The actual tree is tolerant to drought and flowers during the hot season. The actual yellow, orange, or red fruit ripens during the rainy season and contains HCA. It is ovoid in shape, 5 centimeters around, has 6 to 8 seeds, and is classified by the US Department of Agriculture inventory of perennial edible fruits.
Historical past
Dried fruit rinds have been used extensively for centuries throughout Southeast Asia with regard to culinary purposes as a condiment and flavoring agent in place of tamarind or lime. Additional culinary uses include the flavoring of curries, meat, and seafood. The actual fruit extract has been used as a flavoring agent for beverages and premium spices, as well as a carminative, thereby helping to prevent the formation of gas in the GI tract after a meal. HCA and other organic acids from the dried rind coupled with salt help lower pH and provide a bacteriostatic effect used in curing seafood. The herb is considered beneficial for overall health in the traditional Ayurvedic medical system. Rheumatism and bowel complaints are treated with a decoction of the fruit rind. The rinse is used from the herbal extract in veterinary medicine for some diseases from the mouth in cattle. HCA has also become popular as an ingredient for weight loss.
Chemistry
HCA is the primary medicinal component contained in the fruit rinds associated with G. cambogia. HCA is present as up to 30% by weight within the pericarp of Garcinia cambogia fruit. Xanthones, xanthone derivatives, and polyisoprenylated benzophenones have been isolated. Some salts used in commercial products are drinking water soluble and bioavailable, and are a good source of calcium (495 mg) and potassium (720 mg). Studies also document interest in production of HCA by utilizing microorganisms.
Uses and Pharmacology
The medical literature primarily files research on the weight loss and lipid-lowering activity of the plant.
Dyslipidemia In vitro and animal data
In 2 experiments using the human hepatoma cell collection HepG2, overnight exposure to G. cambogia extract caused an upregulation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor activity and an upregulation of the level of HMG-CoA reductase resulting in decreased cholesterol synthesis. Flavonoids from the plant reduced lipid amounts in normal and hypercholesterolemic rats. Reductions were also documented in triglycerides, phospholipids, and free fatty acids. The mechanism of action for the flavonoids might involve: (1) reducing the rate of lipogenesis by reducing the activities of lipogenic enzymes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase; and (2) increasing the rate associated with degradation of cholesterol leading to higher levels of hepatic and fecal bile stomach acids, as well as neutral sterols in rats treated with the herb. While dexamethasone usually elevates lipid profiles, Garcinia cambogia extract maintained normal lipid levels within rats administered dexamethasone.
Clinical data
In a 4-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 150 obese patients were treated with a dietary supplement ( G. cambogia extract 55 mg, chitosan 240 mg, and chrome 19 mg) along with a weight reduction regimen. Treatment groups administered the dietary supplement showed statistically substantial dose-related reductions in weight, total and LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, as well as improvement in high density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Obesity
The suggested system of action involves HCA-inhibiting lipogenesis, increasing lipid oxidation, and reducing intake of food.
Animal data
A study in obese rats found high dosages of HCA-containing G. cambogia (154 mmol HCA/kg diet) effective in controlling epididymal adipose tissue. This same study also found testicular atrophy and degree of toxicity at dosages of 778 mg HCA/kg body weight/day (102 mmol HCA/kg diet) and higher. Another study in rats administered a high-fat diet and a mixture of G. cambogia extract, soypeptide, and L-carnitine, led to a decrease in body weight and accumulation of visceral fat mass. The mixture additionally improved blood and hepatic lipid concentrations or the induced dyslipidemia in the rodents. Other combination products with G. cambogia are also effective in reducing weight obtain and improving dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia, and fatty liver in mice. sixteen The antiobesity effect involves modulation of several genes associated with visceral adipogenesis. One study in adult, non-obese cats found no effect on fat-free mass or even energy expenditure.
Clinical data
In an 8-week randomized clinical trial, forty patients were given either placebo or G. cambogia extract (500 mg/capsule) orally before each meal. Patients administered the extract exhibited weight loss and enhancement in cholesterol and triglycerides when compared with the placebo group.
In a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 40 obese patients were treated with a combination health supplement containing G. cambogia 50 mg as well as a 1, 200 calorie diet each day. Two tablets of the supplement were taken by mouth 3 times a day after foods. The treatment group attained a 3. 5 kg weight loss versus 1 . two kg on placebo, and a more than 85% reduction in fat loss in body structure measurements. The majority of the active group participants did not follow the diet regimen.
Within a 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial, 89 mildly overweight women had been treated with a 1, 200 kcal diet along with 2 caplets of G. cambogia 400 mg or matched placebo 3 times a day before each meal. In late the trial, both groups lost weight, but the treatment group achieved higher reduction in body weight. G. cambogia had no effect on appetitive variables.
Several studies document the safety profile of the calcium-potassium double salt of 60% HCA preparation (HCA-SX), as well as its bioavailability and efficacy in helping patients attain a sound body weight.
An 8-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study examined the efficacy of HCA-SX in 54 overweight sufferers. The treatment group was administered a combination supplement containing G. cambogia 500 miligrams 3 times a day while the control group received the placebo. All patients had been asked to maintain a low-fat diet and drink 64 oz of drinking water per day. The treatment group lost an average weight of 11. 14 lb/person in comparison with the control group, which lost an average of 4. 2 lb/person.
An additional 8-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study examined the efficacy of HCA within 60 obese patients. The dosage regimen for HCA was 400 miligrams 3 times a day before each meal. All patients were on a low-fat diet plan and also instructed to exercise 3 times a week. Results indicated weight loss for the fresh group compared with the placebo group and that 87% of the weight loss in the HCA group was because of fat loss. Appetite scores were also reduced in the HCA-treated team.
Visceral, subcutaneous, and total fat accumulation were reduced in 39 patients over 16 weeks in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. The dose regimen included HCA 1, 000 mg/day versus placebo. At the end of the treatment, each groups were administered placebo for 4 weeks and no rebound effect was recorded.
Another clinical study documented that treatment with HCA failed to generate weight change and fat mass change in patients. However , the design of the actual clinical trial, the lack of bioavailability, and dosage of HCA used have been belittled.
Other pharmacologic activity
Antioxidant
Some studies found that supplementation along with G. cambogia can reduce oxidative damage.
Cancer
The fruit contains xanthones, which inhibit pre-neoplastic lesions in mammary and colon cancer. The xanthones may also induce apoptosis in mouth, leukemia, breast, gastric, and lung malignancy cell lines in vitro.
Diabetes
Glucose metabolism may be improved through lowering serum insulin levels in mice treated with G. cambogia. Leptin is really a hormone associated with appetite control. G. cambogia may have leptin-like activity as rodents treated with G. cambogia had decreased serum leptin levels and a reduced leptin/white adipose tissue ratio. HCA treatment delayed and reduced intestinal sugar absorption in rats; the treatment causes delayed intestinal absorption of glucose instead of delayed gastric emptying.
Exercise endurance
HCA promoted lipid oxidation as well as reduced carbohydrate use in mice at rest and during running. The utilization of respiratory system gases was reduced for mice treated with HCA at rest and during exercise. A few studies on herbal coffee supplements with HCA showed an increase in resting power expenditure to enhance metabolic rates and promote weight and fat loss.
GI disorders
Antiulcer activity was observed against induced gastric mucosal injuries in rats with pretreatment of G. cambogia extract that decreased volume level and acidity of gastric juice. A similar study in rats discovered activity against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers. The anti-inflammatory activity of Gary the gadget guy. cambogia protected against induced colitis in rats.
Red blood cellular count
A G. cambogia extract caused an increase in the red blood cellular (RBC) count in rat tissue. The activity may be associated with the iron in Gary the gadget guy. cambogia, as iron is an erythropoietic agent; antioxidant activity and may reduce the rate of oxidant-induced hemolysis, which increases the life span of the RBC; or (3) the content of bioflavonoids in the plant, which may increase the level of peripheral testosterone, which could stimulate erythropoiesis in humans.
Dosage
The dosages of G. cambogia extract in clinical trials ranged from 1, 500 to 4, 667 mg/day (25 to 78 mg/kg/day). The equivalent HCA dose in the trials ranged from 900 to 2, 800 mg/day (15 to 47 mg/kg/day). G. cambogia is available in capsule or even tablet form with a maximum dose of 1, 500 mg/day.
Pregnancy/Lactation
Due to insufficient clinical and scientific information, use should be avoided during pregnancy and lactation. 1 animal study in rats documented decreased maternal body weight gain during pregnancy.
Interactions
Diabetic/insulin medications
In patients taking medications for diabetes orally or insulin, G. cambogia may lower blood sugar levels.
Iron
Gary the gadget guy. cambogia contains iron and thus may have additive adverse reactions for patients taking medicines for anemia.
Potassium and calcium supplements
Some commercial G. cambogia items contain adequate amounts of potassium and calcium. 8 Caution is advised for sufferers taking medications for heart disease, high blood pressure, or arrhythmia while supplementing with any kind of product containing this herb.
Serotonin
A mouse study using a commercial polyherbal product containing G. cambogia found a potential serotonergic effect on food intake. Caution is for patients being treated for pain or taking medications for any psychological condition.
Singulair (or leukotriene receptor antagonists)
One case report recorded fatal liver failure in a patient taking Singulair and 2 dietary supplements, among which included G. cambogia and citrus derivatives.
Statins
A case report associated with rhabdomyolysisis is documented in a patient taking a combination herbal medicine containing Gary the gadget guy. cambogia.
Warfarin
In one case report, the international normalized ratio of the patient returned to normal after he stopped taking a combination herbal product that contains G. cambogia.
Adverse Reactions
A total of 15 clinical studies involving around 900 patients documented very mild adverse reactions. Most adverse reactions included headache, fatigue, dry mouth, and GI complaints such as nausea and diarrhea.
Toxicology
Toxicology studies resulted in no toxicity or deaths in animals in HCA dosages of 5, 000 mg/kg, equivalent to 350 g or 233 times the maximum dose of 1. 5 g/day of HCA. 5 In sufferers taking certain combination weight-loss supplements containing G. cambogia, severe or even deadly hepatotoxicity may occur. Some animal studies document testicular degree of toxicity, 4, 45 while other studies do not.
No unusual electrocardiographic effects (QTc interval or other electrocardiograph variables) were seen over 5 hrs in patients taking half the recommended dose of a multicomponent weight loss supplement that contains G. cambogia. Patients receiving G. cambogia extract (1, 667. three mg/kg equivalent to 1, 000 mg HCA/day) for 12 weeks exhibited absolutely no reproductive toxicity on serum testosterone, estrone, and estradiol levels.
View the original article here
Scientific Name(s): Garcinia cambogia (Gaertn. ) Desr. Family: Clusiaceae (Guttiferae)
Common Name(s): Malabar tamarind, hydroxycitric acid ( HCA )
Utilizes
The medical literature primarily documents weight loss and lipid-lowering activity for the flower. However , trials supporting its use are limited.
Dosing
The dosages associated with Cambogia extract in clinical trials ranged from 1, 500 in order to 4, 667 mg/day (25 to 78 mg/kg/day). The equivalent hydroxycitric acid (HCA) dose in the trials ranged from 900 to 2, 800 mg/day (15 to 47 mg/kg/day). G. cambogia is available in capsule or tablet form having a maximum dose of 1, 500 mg/day.
Related: Garcinia Cambogia for Weight Loss
Related: Buy Garcinia Cambogia
Related: is Garcinia Cambogia Safe .... ?
Contraindications
Avoid use if there is a recognized allergy or hypersensitivity to any components of G. cambogia.
Pregnancy/Lactation
Information regarding security and efficacy in pregnancy and lactation is lacking.
Interactions
The plant has documented drug interactions.
Adverse Reactions
At least 15 clinical studies involving around 900 patients document very mild adverse reactions. Most adverse reactions included headache, fatigue, dry mouth, and GI complaints such as nausea and diarrhea.
Toxicology
Toxicology studies resulted in no toxicity or deaths in animals at dosages associated with HCA 5, 000 mg/kg, equivalent to 350 g or 233 times the utmost dosage of 1. 5 g/day of HCA. In patients taking certain mixture weight-loss supplements containing G. cambogia, severe or even fatal hepatotoxicity may happen.
Botany
The genus Garcinia is mainly distributed in tropical regions and consists of approximately 200 species. G. cambogia belongs to the family Guttiferae and is found in Indian, Malaysia, and Africa. G. cambogia is commonly found in evergreen or semievergreen jungles of southwest India, where 36 other species have been documented. The plant species has variability in its branching pattern, fruit color, shape, as well as size. The tree is small-to-medium in size with drooping branches. The actual leaves are dark green and glossy, oval-shaped with a narrow end, five to 12 cm in length, and 2 to 7 cm around. The actual tree is tolerant to drought and flowers during the hot season. The actual yellow, orange, or red fruit ripens during the rainy season and contains HCA. It is ovoid in shape, 5 centimeters around, has 6 to 8 seeds, and is classified by the US Department of Agriculture inventory of perennial edible fruits.
Historical past
Dried fruit rinds have been used extensively for centuries throughout Southeast Asia with regard to culinary purposes as a condiment and flavoring agent in place of tamarind or lime. Additional culinary uses include the flavoring of curries, meat, and seafood. The actual fruit extract has been used as a flavoring agent for beverages and premium spices, as well as a carminative, thereby helping to prevent the formation of gas in the GI tract after a meal. HCA and other organic acids from the dried rind coupled with salt help lower pH and provide a bacteriostatic effect used in curing seafood. The herb is considered beneficial for overall health in the traditional Ayurvedic medical system. Rheumatism and bowel complaints are treated with a decoction of the fruit rind. The rinse is used from the herbal extract in veterinary medicine for some diseases from the mouth in cattle. HCA has also become popular as an ingredient for weight loss.
Chemistry
HCA is the primary medicinal component contained in the fruit rinds associated with G. cambogia. HCA is present as up to 30% by weight within the pericarp of Garcinia cambogia fruit. Xanthones, xanthone derivatives, and polyisoprenylated benzophenones have been isolated. Some salts used in commercial products are drinking water soluble and bioavailable, and are a good source of calcium (495 mg) and potassium (720 mg). Studies also document interest in production of HCA by utilizing microorganisms.
Uses and Pharmacology
The medical literature primarily files research on the weight loss and lipid-lowering activity of the plant.
Dyslipidemia In vitro and animal data
In 2 experiments using the human hepatoma cell collection HepG2, overnight exposure to G. cambogia extract caused an upregulation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor activity and an upregulation of the level of HMG-CoA reductase resulting in decreased cholesterol synthesis. Flavonoids from the plant reduced lipid amounts in normal and hypercholesterolemic rats. Reductions were also documented in triglycerides, phospholipids, and free fatty acids. The mechanism of action for the flavonoids might involve: (1) reducing the rate of lipogenesis by reducing the activities of lipogenic enzymes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase; and (2) increasing the rate associated with degradation of cholesterol leading to higher levels of hepatic and fecal bile stomach acids, as well as neutral sterols in rats treated with the herb. While dexamethasone usually elevates lipid profiles, Garcinia cambogia extract maintained normal lipid levels within rats administered dexamethasone.
Clinical data
In a 4-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 150 obese patients were treated with a dietary supplement ( G. cambogia extract 55 mg, chitosan 240 mg, and chrome 19 mg) along with a weight reduction regimen. Treatment groups administered the dietary supplement showed statistically substantial dose-related reductions in weight, total and LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, as well as improvement in high density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Obesity
The suggested system of action involves HCA-inhibiting lipogenesis, increasing lipid oxidation, and reducing intake of food.
Animal data
A study in obese rats found high dosages of HCA-containing G. cambogia (154 mmol HCA/kg diet) effective in controlling epididymal adipose tissue. This same study also found testicular atrophy and degree of toxicity at dosages of 778 mg HCA/kg body weight/day (102 mmol HCA/kg diet) and higher. Another study in rats administered a high-fat diet and a mixture of G. cambogia extract, soypeptide, and L-carnitine, led to a decrease in body weight and accumulation of visceral fat mass. The mixture additionally improved blood and hepatic lipid concentrations or the induced dyslipidemia in the rodents. Other combination products with G. cambogia are also effective in reducing weight obtain and improving dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia, and fatty liver in mice. sixteen The antiobesity effect involves modulation of several genes associated with visceral adipogenesis. One study in adult, non-obese cats found no effect on fat-free mass or even energy expenditure.
Clinical data
In an 8-week randomized clinical trial, forty patients were given either placebo or G. cambogia extract (500 mg/capsule) orally before each meal. Patients administered the extract exhibited weight loss and enhancement in cholesterol and triglycerides when compared with the placebo group.
In a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 40 obese patients were treated with a combination health supplement containing G. cambogia 50 mg as well as a 1, 200 calorie diet each day. Two tablets of the supplement were taken by mouth 3 times a day after foods. The treatment group attained a 3. 5 kg weight loss versus 1 . two kg on placebo, and a more than 85% reduction in fat loss in body structure measurements. The majority of the active group participants did not follow the diet regimen.
Within a 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial, 89 mildly overweight women had been treated with a 1, 200 kcal diet along with 2 caplets of G. cambogia 400 mg or matched placebo 3 times a day before each meal. In late the trial, both groups lost weight, but the treatment group achieved higher reduction in body weight. G. cambogia had no effect on appetitive variables.
Several studies document the safety profile of the calcium-potassium double salt of 60% HCA preparation (HCA-SX), as well as its bioavailability and efficacy in helping patients attain a sound body weight.
An 8-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study examined the efficacy of HCA-SX in 54 overweight sufferers. The treatment group was administered a combination supplement containing G. cambogia 500 miligrams 3 times a day while the control group received the placebo. All patients had been asked to maintain a low-fat diet and drink 64 oz of drinking water per day. The treatment group lost an average weight of 11. 14 lb/person in comparison with the control group, which lost an average of 4. 2 lb/person.
An additional 8-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study examined the efficacy of HCA within 60 obese patients. The dosage regimen for HCA was 400 miligrams 3 times a day before each meal. All patients were on a low-fat diet plan and also instructed to exercise 3 times a week. Results indicated weight loss for the fresh group compared with the placebo group and that 87% of the weight loss in the HCA group was because of fat loss. Appetite scores were also reduced in the HCA-treated team.
Visceral, subcutaneous, and total fat accumulation were reduced in 39 patients over 16 weeks in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. The dose regimen included HCA 1, 000 mg/day versus placebo. At the end of the treatment, each groups were administered placebo for 4 weeks and no rebound effect was recorded.
Another clinical study documented that treatment with HCA failed to generate weight change and fat mass change in patients. However , the design of the actual clinical trial, the lack of bioavailability, and dosage of HCA used have been belittled.
Other pharmacologic activity
Antioxidant
Some studies found that supplementation along with G. cambogia can reduce oxidative damage.
Cancer
The fruit contains xanthones, which inhibit pre-neoplastic lesions in mammary and colon cancer. The xanthones may also induce apoptosis in mouth, leukemia, breast, gastric, and lung malignancy cell lines in vitro.
Diabetes
Glucose metabolism may be improved through lowering serum insulin levels in mice treated with G. cambogia. Leptin is really a hormone associated with appetite control. G. cambogia may have leptin-like activity as rodents treated with G. cambogia had decreased serum leptin levels and a reduced leptin/white adipose tissue ratio. HCA treatment delayed and reduced intestinal sugar absorption in rats; the treatment causes delayed intestinal absorption of glucose instead of delayed gastric emptying.
Exercise endurance
HCA promoted lipid oxidation as well as reduced carbohydrate use in mice at rest and during running. The utilization of respiratory system gases was reduced for mice treated with HCA at rest and during exercise. A few studies on herbal coffee supplements with HCA showed an increase in resting power expenditure to enhance metabolic rates and promote weight and fat loss.
GI disorders
Antiulcer activity was observed against induced gastric mucosal injuries in rats with pretreatment of G. cambogia extract that decreased volume level and acidity of gastric juice. A similar study in rats discovered activity against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers. The anti-inflammatory activity of Gary the gadget guy. cambogia protected against induced colitis in rats.
Red blood cellular count
A G. cambogia extract caused an increase in the red blood cellular (RBC) count in rat tissue. The activity may be associated with the iron in Gary the gadget guy. cambogia, as iron is an erythropoietic agent; antioxidant activity and may reduce the rate of oxidant-induced hemolysis, which increases the life span of the RBC; or (3) the content of bioflavonoids in the plant, which may increase the level of peripheral testosterone, which could stimulate erythropoiesis in humans.
Dosage
The dosages of G. cambogia extract in clinical trials ranged from 1, 500 to 4, 667 mg/day (25 to 78 mg/kg/day). The equivalent HCA dose in the trials ranged from 900 to 2, 800 mg/day (15 to 47 mg/kg/day). G. cambogia is available in capsule or even tablet form with a maximum dose of 1, 500 mg/day.
Pregnancy/Lactation
Due to insufficient clinical and scientific information, use should be avoided during pregnancy and lactation. 1 animal study in rats documented decreased maternal body weight gain during pregnancy.
Interactions
Diabetic/insulin medications
In patients taking medications for diabetes orally or insulin, G. cambogia may lower blood sugar levels.
Iron
Gary the gadget guy. cambogia contains iron and thus may have additive adverse reactions for patients taking medicines for anemia.
Potassium and calcium supplements
Some commercial G. cambogia items contain adequate amounts of potassium and calcium. 8 Caution is advised for sufferers taking medications for heart disease, high blood pressure, or arrhythmia while supplementing with any kind of product containing this herb.
Serotonin
A mouse study using a commercial polyherbal product containing G. cambogia found a potential serotonergic effect on food intake. Caution is for patients being treated for pain or taking medications for any psychological condition.
Singulair (or leukotriene receptor antagonists)
One case report recorded fatal liver failure in a patient taking Singulair and 2 dietary supplements, among which included G. cambogia and citrus derivatives.
Statins
A case report associated with rhabdomyolysisis is documented in a patient taking a combination herbal medicine containing Gary the gadget guy. cambogia.
Warfarin
In one case report, the international normalized ratio of the patient returned to normal after he stopped taking a combination herbal product that contains G. cambogia.
Adverse Reactions
A total of 15 clinical studies involving around 900 patients documented very mild adverse reactions. Most adverse reactions included headache, fatigue, dry mouth, and GI complaints such as nausea and diarrhea.
Toxicology
Toxicology studies resulted in no toxicity or deaths in animals in HCA dosages of 5, 000 mg/kg, equivalent to 350 g or 233 times the maximum dose of 1. 5 g/day of HCA. 5 In sufferers taking certain combination weight-loss supplements containing G. cambogia, severe or even deadly hepatotoxicity may occur. Some animal studies document testicular degree of toxicity, 4, 45 while other studies do not.
No unusual electrocardiographic effects (QTc interval or other electrocardiograph variables) were seen over 5 hrs in patients taking half the recommended dose of a multicomponent weight loss supplement that contains G. cambogia. Patients receiving G. cambogia extract (1, 667. three mg/kg equivalent to 1, 000 mg HCA/day) for 12 weeks exhibited absolutely no reproductive toxicity on serum testosterone, estrone, and estradiol levels.
View the original article here
No comments :
Post a Comment