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Benefit
Chronic administration of hydroxycitrate encourages lipid oxidation and spares carbohydrate utilization in mice at rest and during operating.
Garcinia cambogia may have gastric ulcer protecting properties.
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Effects of hydroxycitric acid on appetitive variables.
Physiol Behav. 2000.
Hydroxycitric acidity reportedly promotes weight loss, in part, through suppression of hunger. However , this system has never been evaluated in humans in a controlled study. Eighty-nine mildly obese females were prescribed 5020-kJ diets for 12 weeks as part of a double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group study. Forty-two participants ingested 400-mg caplets of Garcinia cambogia 30-60 min prior to meals for a total dose of 2. 4 g/day (1. 2 g/day HCA). Forty-seven participants ingested matched placebos. Both organizations lost body weight with the active group achieving a significantly greater reduction. Absolutely no effects of the HCA were observed on appetitive variables. The active therapy group did not exhibit better dietary compliance or significant correlations between appetitive variables and energy intake or weight change. This study does not assistance a satiety effect of HCA.
Fat loss
Garcinia extract was used as a potential antiobesity agent. In week 3 of culture with insulin, the fat cells showed more numerous and larger intracytoplasmic lipid droplets (i. e. 30-40 microm(2)). Whenever Garcinia extract and insulin were added simultaneously, the accumulation of lipid droplets was inhibited and the peak droplet area shifted to become smaller (10-20 microm(2)). The activities of glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, a marker of adipose differentiation, are not significantly inhibited. These findings suggest that the Garcinia extract inhibits lipid scrap accumulation in fat cells without affecting adipose conversion.
Ulcer
Garcinia cambogia extract is a herbal preparation that has been suggested as useful in the treatment of gastrointestinal problems. In the present study this drug was tested for its antiulcerogenic effect. Oral pretreatment along with Garcinia cambogia fruit extract (1 g/kg body wt/day) for 5, ten or 15 days protected the gastric mucosa against the damage induced by indomethacin (20 mg/kg body wt). The volume and acidity of the gastric juice reduced in the pretreated rats. The glycoprotein levels of the gastric contents which were decreased within the untreated rats, maintained near normal levels in the pretreated rats. Protein that was elevated in the gastric juice of untreated rats, showed near normal amounts in the pretreated rats. Garcinia cambogia was able to decrease the acidity and to increase the mucosal defense in the gastric areas, thereby justifying its use as an antiulcerogenic real estate agent.
Side effects, risks, cautions, cause for liver concern?
I am a pharmacist and have go through in a magazine that liver damage is linked to hydroxycitric acid in garcinia cambogia. Have you heard anything about this.
As of 2013, I have not come across any such investigation regarding liver damage from the use of this herb by humans in health supplement form.
Is garcinia cambogia supplement safe to use for many months at a time?
Related: Garcinia Cambogia for Weight Loss
Related: Buy Garcinia Cambogia
Related: is Garcinia Cambogia Safe .... ?
It may be, however we prefer taking a week break every month if you plan to take this herbal health supplement for prolonged periods.
Physico-chemical properties of a novel hydroxycitric acid extract as well as its effect on body weight, selected organ weights, hepatic lipid peroxidation and DNA partage, hematology and clinical chemistry, and histopathological changes over a period of 90 days.
Mol Cell Biochem. 2004.
Garcinia cambogia-derived hydroxycitric acid (HCA) is a popular and organic supplement for weight management. HCA is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme ATP citrate lyase, which catalyzes the conversion of citrate and coenzyme A in order to oxaloacetate and acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) in the cytosol. Acetyl CoA is used in the synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol and triglycerides, and in the activity of acetylcholine in the central nervous system. Studies have demonstrated the efficacy of a novel 70 % calcium-potassium salt of HCA derived from Garcinia cambogia (HCA-SX, Super CitriMax) within weight management. Results have shown that HCA-SX promotes fat oxidation, enhances serotonin launch and availability in the brain cortex, normalizes lipid profiles, and lowers serum leptin levels in obese subjects. Acute oral, acute dermal, primary skin irritation and primary eye irritation toxicity, as well as Ames bacterial reverse mutation research and mouse lymphoma tests have demonstrated the safety of HCA-SX. However , no comprehensive long-term safety of HCA-SX or any other HCA extract has been previously evaluated. We evaluated the dose- and time-dependent effects of HCA-SX in Sprague-Dawley rodents on body weight, selected organ weights, hepatic lipid peroxidation and DNA partage, hematology and clinical chemistry over a period of 90 days. Our results show which 90 day treatment of HCA-SX results in a reduction in body weight, and does not cause any within major organs or in hematology, clinical chemistry, and histopathology.
Summary as well as review
Hydroxycitrate (or hydroxycitric acid) derived from garcinia cambogia, by itself, may not result in a significant weight loss, but in combination with other nutrients and herbs it may have possible. The research with garcinia cambogia extract is still fuzzy and I am not yet persuaded that it and hydroxycitric acid are effective in the treatment of obesity.
Other weight Loss choices to consider
Green tea extract and Hoodia are popular weight loss herbs that may work in certain individuals. 5-HTP is a nutrient that helps curb appetite in some individuals. 5-HTP, through converting into serotonin, can be used temporarily to improve will power and decrease the urge to consume until more established weight loss habits are in place.
Research study
High dose of Garcinia cambogia is effective in suppressing fat accumulation in developing male Zucker overweight rats, but highly toxic to the testis.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2005.
All of us investigated the ability of Garcinia cambogia extract containing hydroxycitric acid (HCA) in order to suppress body fat accumulation in developing male Zucker obese (fa/fa) rats. All of us also examined histopathologically the safety of its high doses. The highest dose associated with HCA-containing Garcinia cambogia showed significant suppression of epididymal fat accumulation within developing male Zucker obese rats, compared with the other groups. However , the diet programs containing 102 mmol HCA/kg diet and higher (778 and 1244 miligrams HCA/kg BW/d, respectively) caused potent testicular atrophy and toxicity, whereas diet programs containing 51 mmol HCA/kg diet (389 mg HCA/kg BW/d) or much less did not. Accordingly, 389 mg HCA/kg BW/d was deemed to be the no noticed adverse effect level (NOAEL).
Physico-chemical properties of a novel hydroxycitric acid draw out derived from Garcinia Cambogia and its effect on body weight, selected organ weights, hepatic lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation, hematology and clinical chemistry, and histopathological modifications over a period of 90 days.
Mol Cell Biochem. 2004.
Garcinia cambogia derived (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA) is a popular supplement for weight management. HCA is a competitive inhibitor from the enzyme ATP citrate lyase, which catalyzes the conversion of citrate as well as coenzyme A to oxaloacetate and acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) within the cytosol. Acetyl CoA is used in the synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol and triglycerides, and in the synthesis of acetylcholine in the central nervous system. Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of a novel 60 % calcium-potassium salt of HCA derived from Garcinia cambogia (HCA-SX, Super CitriMax) in weight management. Results have shown that HCA-SX promotes fat oxidation, enhances serotonin release and availability in the brain cortex, normalizes lipid information, and lowers serum leptin levels in obese subjects. Acute oral, severe dermal, primary dermal irritation and primary eye irritation toxicity, as well as Ames microbial reverse mutation studies and mouse lymphoma tests have demonstrated the safety of HCA-SX. However , no detailed long-term safety of HCA-SX or any other HCA draw out has been previously assessed. Taken together, these results show that 90 day remedying of garcinia cambogia derived HCA-SX results in a reduction in body weight, and does not cause any within major organs or in hematology, clinical chemistry, and histopathology.
Body weight as well as abdominal fat gene expression profile in response to a novel hydroxycitric acid-based dietary supplement.
Gene Expr. 2004.
Traditional herbal medicines may have some potential in managing obesity. Organic dietary supplements often contain complex mixtures of phytochemicals that have additive or synergistic interactions. The dried fruit rind of Garcinia cambogia, also known as Malabar tamarind, is a unique source of (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA), which exhibits a distinct sour flavor and has been safely used for centuries in Southeastern Asia to make meals much more filling. Recently it has been demonstrated that HCA-SX or Super Citrimax, a novel type of HCA, is safe when taken orally and that HCA-SX is bioavailable within the human plasma. We sought to determine the effects of low-dose oral HCA-SX on the body bodyweight and abdominal fat gene expression profile of Sprague-Dawley rats. We observed which at doses relevant for human consumption dietary HCA-SX from garcinia cambogia significantly contained body weight growth. This response was associated with lowered abdominal fat protein hormone expression while plasma leptin levels remained unaffected. Under the current experimental circumstances, HCA-SX proved to be effective in restricting body weight gain in adult rats. Practical characterization of HCA-SX-sensitive genes revealed that upregulation of genes encoding serotonin pain represent a distinct effect of dietary HCA-SX supplementation.
Chemistry and biochemistry of hydroxycitric acid from Garcinia.
J Agric Food Chem. 2002.
Hydroxycitric acid HCA is the principal acid of fruit rinds of Garcinia cambogia, indica, as well as atroviridis. (-)-HCA was shown to be a potent inhibitor of ATP citrate lyase, that catalyzes the extramitochondrial cleavage of citrate to oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA: citrate + ATP + CoA--) acetyl-CoA + ADP + P(i) + oxaloacetate. The inhibition of this reaction limits the availability of acetyl-CoA units required for essential fatty acid synthesis and lipogenesis during a lipogenic diet, that is, a diet high in carbohydrates. Substantial animal studies indicated that (-)-HCA suppresses the fatty acid synthesis, lipogenesis, intake of food, and induced weight loss. In vitro studies revealed the inhibitions of essential fatty acid synthesis and lipogenesis from various precursors. However , a few clinical studies have demonstrated controversial findings.
Effect of Garcinia cambogia extract on serum leptin and insulin in mice.
Fitoterapia. 2003.
In this study we examined the effects of 3. three % Garcinia cambogia extract on 10 % sucrose loading in mice with regard to 4 weeks. Treatment was found to have no effect on body weight, fat pad bodyweight or serum glucose level. On the other hand, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, NEFA had been observed. Levels of serum insulin and leptin, as well as the leptin/WAT ratio, were reduced the treated mice than in the control. These findings suggested that Gary the gadget guy. cambogia extract efficiently improved glucose metabolism and displayed leptin-like activity.
1998 Garcinia article in JAMA
Garcinia cambogia (hydroxycitric acid) as a potential antiobesity real estate agent: a randomized controlled trial.
Obesity Research Center, St Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
Hydroxycitric acidity, the active ingredient in the herbal compound Garcinia cambogia, competitively inhibits the extramitochondrial enzyme adenosine triphosphate-citrate (pro-3S)-lyase. As a citrate cleavage enzyme that may play an important role in de novo lipogenesis inhibition, garcinia cambogia is claimed to reduce body weight and reduce fat mass in humans. To evaluate the efficacy of garcinia cambogia for body weight and fat mass loss in overweight human topics. Twelve-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Subjects were randomized to receive either energetic herbal compound (1500 mg of hydroxycitric acid per day) or placebo, and both groups were prescribed a high-fiber, low-energy diet. The treatment time period was 12 weeks. A total of 135 subjects were randomized to possibly active hydroxycitric acid or placebo; 42 (64 %) in the active hydroxycitric acid group and 42 (61 %) in the placebo group completed twelve weeks of treatment. Patients in both groups lost a significant amount of weight throughout the 12-week treatment period; however , between-group weight loss differences were not statistically significant. There have been no significant differences in estimated percentage of body fat mass loss between garcinia cambogia and placebo groups, and the fraction of subject weight loss as body fat was not influenced by treatment group. Garcinia cambogia failed to produce significant weight reduction and fat mass loss beyond that observed with placebo.
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